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UFFA Volume 15 Contents
Edited by Alan P. Pollard
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS xvii
ABBREVIATIONS OF SOURCES xviii
INTRODUCTION xix
I BASIC DATA
- Map 1
- Basic Information 2
- Key Economic Indicators 1986-1988 6
- Economic Profile 1989 7
- Production of Commodities US and USSR 1960-1989 8
- Basic Indices of Social and Economic Development 1980-1988 14
- Basic Indices of Social and Economic Development 1980-1988 14
- Basic Indices of Plan Fulfillment 1985-1988 15
- Basic Indicators of Services 1970-1988 16
- Basic Indicators of Development of Health Services 1970-1988 16
- Indicators of Technological Level of Production 1970-1988 17
- Basic Indicators of Industrial Development 1970-1988 19
- Basic Indices of Capital Construction in Branches of AIC 1976/80-1986/88
20
- Basic Indicators of Collective Farm Development 1970-1988 20
- Basic Indicators of State Farm Development 1970-1988 22
- Basic Indicators in Subsidiary Agricultural Farms of Enterprises, Organizations
and Institutions 1986-1988 22
- Basic Indicators of Industrial Enterprises in AIC 1986-1987 23
- Basic Indicators of Agricultural Construction Organizations 1986-1988
23
- Basic Indicators of Communications 1970-1988 23
- Basic Indices of Capital Construction 1971/75-1986/88 24
- Basic Indicators Jan-Aug 1990 24
- Comparisons of Social Indicators 25
- Basic Indicators Jan-Aug 1990 as Percentage of 1989 25
II GOVERNMENT
- Chronology 26
- USSR Council of Ministers 31
- USSR Government Agencies 33
- USSR Presidency 1989-1990 38
- Civil Servants by Type of Agency 1970-1988 39
III COMMUNIST PARTY
- Chronology 40
- Central Committee Members Elected by XVIII CPSU Congress 42
- Central Control Commission Elected by XVIII CPSU Congress 43
- Commission for Preparation of Draft CPSU Program Set Up by XVIII CPSU
Congress 43
IV INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Chronology 46
- Key US Foreign Service Officers in USSR 1990 57
- Gorbachev's US Summits 1985-1990 58
V ARMED FORCES
- Chronology 59
- Armed Forces News 61
- Defense Council Oct 1990 63
- Estimated Total Defense and Procurement Expenditures 1980-1989 63
- Soviet Armed Forces by Military Theater of Operation (TVD) 1990 63
- Status of Soviet and Warsaw Pact Forces in Eastern Europe Sep 1990
65
- Distribution of Defense Spending, USSR and US 1989-1990 66
- ICBMs, USSR and US Sep 1990 67
- Strike Aircraft, USSR and US Sep 1990 67
- CFE Treaty 68
- Military Production 1982-1989 69
- Production of Ground Forces Materiel, USSR and US 1987-1989 69
- Missile Production, USSR and US 1987-1989 69
- Aircraft Production, USSR and US 1987-1989 70
- Naval Ship Production, USSR and US 1987-1989 70
- Technological Capabilities, USSR and US Jul 1990 70
- 1989 Estimated Defense Expenditures as Percentage of 1988 71
- Nuclear-Powered Ballistic Missile Submarines, USSR and US Sep 1990
72
- Technological Capabilities, USSR and US Jul 1990 72
- Stavka of Supreme High Command Aug 1990 73
- Strategic Surface-to-Air Missiles Sep 1990 73
- Nuclear Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles, USSR and US Sep 1990
74
- Air Defense Interceptor Aircraft, USSR and North America Sep 1990 74
- Long-Range Cruise Missiles, USSR and US Sep 1990 75
- Strategic Modernization, USSR and US 1982-Sep 1990 75
- Selected Combat and Support Helicopters, USSR and US Sep 1990 76
- Space Launch Vehicles, USSR and US Sep 1990 77
- Tactical Surface-to Air Missiles, USSR and US 1982-Sep 1990 77
- Composition of Strategic Forces (Warheads), USSR and US Sep 1990 78
- Operational Satellites in Orbit, USSR and US 1957-5 Jul 1990 78
- Space Launches, USSR and US 1957-1 Jan 1990 78
- Strategic Offensive Forces, US and USSR July 1990 79
- ICBM Launcher and Rv Deployment,USSR and US Sep 1990 80
- SLBM Launcher and RV Deployment,USSR and US Sep 1990 80
- Strategic Modernization, USSR and US 1960-1982 81
- Territorial Air Defense, 1982-Sep1990 82
- Changes in Strategic Offensive War-heads 1972-Sep 1990 82
- Estimated Cost of General Purpose Forces, USSR and US 1965-Aug 1990
83
- Equipment and Personnel Holdings Aug 1990 83
- Main Battle Tanks, USSR and US Sep 1990 84
- Selected Tactical Aircraft, USSR and US Sep 1990 84
- Selected Artillery, USSR and US Sep 1990 85
- Military Transport Aircraft, USSR and US Sep 1990 85
- Surface Ships, USSR and US Sep 1990 86
- Surface Ships, USSR and US Sep1990 87
- Attack Submarines Sep 1990 88
VI POPULATION, HEALTH AND WELFARE
- Chronology 90
- Population, Urban and Rural, Male and Female 1959-1989 90
- CPE Population 1960-1989 91
- Population of Union Republics 1959-1989 92
- Birth, Death and Natural Incrase Rates 1970-1988 92
- Children Born to Unmarried Women 1980-1987 92
- Infant Mortality 1970-1988 92
- Life Expectancy 1971/72-1987 93
- Death Rates from Suicide by Sex and Age 1984-1987 93
- Indices of Births by Mothers' Marital Status 1945-1988 93
- Percentage of Illegitimate Birth, Urban and Rural 1950-1988 94
- Sales of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Products 1960-1988 94
- Hospitals Commissioned 1980-1988 95
- Ambulatory and Outpatient Units 1980-1988 95
- Number of Days of Temporary Disability 1980-1988 95
- Rates of Alcohol and Drug Abuse 1980-1988 96
- Abortions 1980-1987 96
- Medical Personnel by Skill Level 1950-1987 96
- Average Monthly Wages and Annual Increases in Health Sector 1950-1987
97
- Estimated Wage Increases in Health Sector 1955-1987 97
- Wage Reforms for Health Personnel 1955-1987 98
- Medical Personnel by Skill Level 1950-1987 98
- Present and Adjusted Indexes of Employment in Health Sector 1950-1987
99
- Infant Mortality, Urban and Rural 1950-1986 100
- Age Distribution of Infant Deaths as Function of Infant Mortality Rate,
by Republic 100
- Adjusted Index of Employment in Health Sector 1950-1987 101
- Average Monthly Wages and Salaries by Economic Sector 1970-1988 103
- Economically Active Population by Monthly Earnings 1956-1986 103
- Economically Active Population by Monthly Earnings 1976-1986 104
- Average Monthly Remuneration of Collective Farmers 1970-1988 104
- Value of Social Benefits 1970-1988 105
- Average Monthly Earnings Including Social Benefits 1970-1988 105
- Average Earnings Including Social Benefits 1970-1988 105
- Average Remuneration of Collective Farmers Including Social Benefits1988
105
- Annual Family Income From Individual Subsidiary Plots 1980-1988 105
- Number of Pensioners 1970-1988 106
- Average Monthly Pension 1980-1988 106
- Distribution of Pensioners by Size of Pension 1983-1987 106
- Average Annual Gross Income Per Capita 1970-1988 106
- Annual Per Capita Consumption of Foodstuffs 1970-1988 107
- Families' Dissatisfaction with Services 1987 107
- Opinions of Services in Workplace1987 107
- Flats Built and Average Floor Space 1971/75-1988 108
- Persons Receiving Improved Living Conditions 1971/75-1988 108
- Living Space 1980-1988 109
- Housing Conveniences 1970-1988 109
- Aged Disabled Persons for Whom Boarding Houses Commissioned 1971/75-1988
110
- Increases in Minimum Wage 1950-1987 110
- State's Funding Share of New Urban Housing Units by Quality Characteristics
1970-1987 110
- Rural Housing Amenities 1980 111
- State's Funding Share of Amenitiesin New Housing 1975-1987 111
- Alternative Indexes of Housing Stock 1970-1987 111
- Amenities in State Rural and Urban Housing 1975 112
- Population of the Union Republics1979-1989 112
- Urban-Rural Distributions of Population 1959-1989 112
VII ECONOMY
- Chronology 113
- GNP Growth 1980-1988 117
- Average Annual GNP Growth 1966/70-1986/88 118
- Consumption and Accumulation of National Income 1970-1988 118
- Labor Force by Economic Sector 1970-1988 118
- National Income Growth 1980-1988 119
- Average Annual National Income Growth 1966/70-1986/88 119
- Growth of Net Material Output 1980-1988 120
- Annual Average Growth of Net Material Output 1966/70-1986/88 120
- National Wealth 1980-1988 121
- Annual Average Number of Workers and Employees by Branch of Economy
1970-1988 121
- Labor Force in Goods and Services 1970-1988 122
- Annual Average Number of Workers, Employees and Collective Farmers
1970-1988 123
- Annual Average Growth Rates of Labor Productivity 1976/80-1986/88 123
- Sales of Consumer Goods 1980-1988 124
- Retail Trade Turnover 1970-1988 125
- Sales of Foodstuffs 1970-1988 125
- Sales of General Merchandise and Household Appliances 1970-1988 126
- Inventory of Consumer Durables 1970-1988 126
- Construction Materials and Fuel Available to Consumers 1970-1988 127
- Average Price Indexes of Selected Consumer Goods 1980-1988 127
- Volume of Services 1985-1988 128
- Composition Services 1988 128
- Volume of Services by Type 1988 128
- Annual Average Rates of Decrease in Capital Productivity of the National
Economy 1971/75-1988 129
- Enterprises Using Lease Contracts and Persons Engaged in Them by Economic
Sector Oct 1988 129
- Managers Elected by Labor Collectives of State Enterprises 130
- Growth in Personal Money Income and Real Consumption 1981/85-1989 131
- CIA and Soviet Estimates of Soviet Retail Price Change 1981-1989 131
- Annual Growth of Per Capita GNP 1981/85-1989 132
- Comparative Indexes of Per Capita GNP and Consumption 1985 132
- Comparisons of Annual Growth Rates of Real GDP 1970-2010 133
- Estimated GNP by Sector of Origin at Factor Cost 1970-1989 133
- Estimated Value Added in Industry at Factor Cost 1970-1989 134
- Estimated Average Annual Growth of Per Capita Consumption 1956/60-1989
134
- Estimated Average Annual Growth of Per Capita Consumption 1956/60-1989
135
- Gross Fixed Capital Investment 1970-1989 135
- Estimated Growth of GNP, Industrial Production and Labor Productivity
1966/70-1989 136
- Rate of Return on Fixed and Working Capital for 12 Industries 1960-1987
136
- Capital Depreciation 1955-1987 136
- Profits as Percent of Fixed and Working Capital for 12 Industries 1960-1973
137
- Profits as Percent of Fixed and Working Capital for 12 Industries 1974-1987
137
- Shares of Health and Education Services in Unadjusted and Adjusted
GNP 1950-1987 137
- Sector-of-Origin GNP Less Alternative End-Use Estimate 1960-1987 138
- Growth of GNP by Sector of Origin Less Growth by End Use 1960-1987
138
- Unadjusted and Adjusted Growth of Consumption, Health Consumption and
Education Consumption Per Capita 1951/55-1987 139
- Estimated TFP Growth in Nonfarm, Nonservice Sectors 1962-1987 139
- Adjusted TFP Growth Rates in Non-farm, Nonservice Sectors 1962-1987
140
- Estimated TFP Growth in Agriculture 1969-1987 140
- Adjusted TFP Growth in Agriculture 1969-1987 141
- Estimated TFP Growth in Industry 1962-1987 141
- Estimated TFP Growth in Construction 1962-1987 142
- Estimated TFP Growth in Transport and Communications 1962-1987 142
- Estimated TFP Growth in Trade and Other Productive Sectors 1962-1987
143
- Adjusted TFP Growth Rates in Non-farm, Nonservice Sectors 1962-1987
144
- Composition of CIA Constant-Price Construction Index 1982-1987 144
- Change-in-Capital Shares Minus Commissioning Shares 1976-1987 145
- Gross Fixed Capital by Sector 1960-1987 145
- Changes in Gross Fixed Capital by Sector 1961-1987 146
- Activation of Fixed Capital in Total Economy 1960-1987 147
- Estimated Annual Additions to Capital Stock 1961-1987 148
- Ratio of Commissionings to Beginning-of-Year Capital Stock 1961-1987
149
- Estimated Annual Retirements from Capital Stock 1961-1987 150
- Ratio of Retirements to Beginning-of-Year Capital Stock 1961-1987 151
- DCS for Industry 1960-1987 152
- DCS for Agriculture 1960-1987 153
- DCS for Transport and Communications 1960-1987 154
- DCS for Construction 1960-1987 155
- DCS for Trade and Other Productive Sectors 1960-1987 156
- DCS for Housing 1960-1987 157
- DCS for Nonproductive Sectors Excluding Housing 1960-1987 158
- DCS for Total Economy 1960-1987 159
- Output Data for Nonfarm, Nonservice Sectors 1960-1987 160
- Employment Data for Nonfarm, Nonservice Sectors 1960-1987 161
- Goskomstat-Calculated GNP in Current Prices 1987-1988 162
- Goskomstat-Calculated Growth Rates in Constant Prices 1985-1988 162
- CIA-Estimated GNP in Constant Prices 1985-1988 162
- Alternative Soviet Measures of Economic Growth 1966-1985 162
- CIA and Official Soviet Measures of Economic Growth 1951/60-1988 162
- CIA and Official Soviet Measures of Industrial Production 1951/60-1981/87
163
- Ratio of CIA Estimates to Soviet Official Growth Rates by Industry
1981-1987 163
- Food Prices at Urban Farm Markets Jan-Aug 1990 163
- Indices of Meat and Produce Prices at Farm Markets of 264 Cities Jan-Aug
1990 163
- Performance of Economic Complexes Jan-Aug 1990 164
- Growth in Volume of Production of Economic Complexes Jan-Aug 1990 164
- Food Prices in Farm Markets of Six Cities December 1990 164
- Shares of World GNP and Population 1989 165
- Average Annual Growth of Real GDP, Big Seven and USSR 1971-1989 166
- Estimated Real GNP of CPEs 1960-1989 167
- GNP by End Use, USSR and US 1988-1989 167
- Growth of Real GNP of CPEs 1961/70-1989 168
- Growth of Real GNP Per Capita of CPEs 1961/70-1989 168
- Growth of GNP by Sector of Origin 1961/65-1989 169
- Labor Force of CPEs 1960-1989 169
- Nonagricultural Labor Force of CPEs 1960-1989 170
- Share of GNP by Sector of Origin 1960-1989 170
- Growth of GNP at Factor Cost by End Use 1961/65-1989 171
- Distribution of GNP at Factor Cost by End Use 1960-1989 171
- Aggregate Factor Productivity 1962/65-1989 172
- Growth of Per Capita Consumption 1961/65-1989 172
- Selected Consumer Goods Per Capita 1965-1989 173
- Comparisons of Cost of Basic TV Set per Wage-Hour of Typical Worker
173
- Output and Expenditure 1976/80-1990 174
- Annual Growth of Incomes and Prices 1986-1990 174
- Comparisons of Employment in Agriculture and Industry 1989 175
- The USSR Economy in 1990. Report of the USSR State Committee for Statistics
175
- 1990 USSR Agro-Industrial Performance Assessment 195
VIII FINANCE
- Reorganization of Banking 1987 197
- State Budget 1970-1988 198
- Money Supply 1970-1988 199
- Savings Bank Deposits 1970-1988 199
- Family Savings by Purpose 1987 199
- Estimated State Budget Deficit 1985-1989 200
- Gold Production and Reserves 1965-1989 200
- State Budget 1985-1990 200
- Annual Average Growth of Money and Credit 1981/85-1990 201
- USSR Law on the Union Budget for 1991 201
IX ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
- Chronology 204
- Reorganization of Energy Agencies 1989 205
- State Investment in Protection and Efficient Utilization of Natural
Resources 1976/80-1988 207
- Anti-Pollution Facilities Commissioned 1976/80-1988 207
- Growth of Power Supply 1980-1988 207
- Use of Secondary Energy Resources 1980-1988 207
- Estimated Primary Energy Balance 1985 208
- Energy Production by Type 1970-1988 208
- Hard Currency Energy Export Earnings by Source 1970-1988 209
- Total Energy Consumption 1970-1988 209
- Trends in Overall Energy Efficiency 1970-1988 210
- Energy Investment 1970-1988 211
- Major Oil Regions 212
- Oil Balance 213
- Oil Production and Trade 1970-1989 213
- Major Gas Regions and Selected Gasfields 214
- Natural Gas Production and Trade 1970-1989 215
- Coal Production and Trade 1970-1989 215
- Coal Production by Type of Coal and Mining 1970-1988 215
- Major Coal-Producing Basins 216
- Major Electric Power Plants 217
- Comparative Energy Statistics, US and USSR 1987 218
- Electricity Production by Source 1970-1989 218
- Electricity Consumption by Activity 1970-1988 219
- Comparisons of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions 1988 219
- World Crude Oil Reserves 1 January 1989 220
- World Natural Gas Reserves 1 January 1989 221
- World Coal Reserves 1 January 1989 221
- CPE Regional Net Exports of Petroleum 1985-2010 221
- CPE Regional Net Exports of Natural Gas 1985-2010 222
- CPE Regional Energy Consumption 1980-2010 222
- CPE Regional Energy/GDP Ratio 1980-2010 222
- CPE Oil Production and Consumption 1980-2010 223
- CPE Oil Consumption 1987-2010 223
- CPE Energy Consumption by Type 1987-2010 223
- CPE Energy Consumption by Region 1987-2010 224
- CPE Natural Gas Consumption 1987-2010 224
- CPE Coal Consumption 1987-2010 224
- CPE Nuclear Energy Consumption 1987-2010 224
- CPE Other Energy Consumption 1987-2010 225
- Fuel and Energy Complex January-August 1990 225
- Fuel and Energy Complex January-August 1990 225
- CPE Crude Oil Production, Excluding NGL 1988-July 1990 225
- CPE NGL Production 1973-1987 226
- Oil (Including NGL) and Natural Gas Production/Apparent Consumption
1975-Dec 1989 226
- Estimated Natural Gas Trade 1977-1988 227
- Imports of Oil 1977-1989 227
- Estimated Regional Production of Crude Oil Including NGL 1976-1988
228
- Regional Production of Natural Gas 1977-1988 228
- Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products 1979-1989 229
- Comparisons of Measures of Energy Efficiency 1973-1989 230
- CPE Crude Oil Refining Capacity 1 January 1990 230
- CPE Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Coal, Yearend 1989
230
- CPE Primary Energy Consumption 1960-1988 231
- CPE Primary Energy Production 1960-1989 231
- CPE Primary Energy Production by Type 1970-1989 232
- CPE Crude Oil Production 1960-1989 232
- CPE Gross Natural Gas Production 1960-1989 233
- CPE Hard Coal Production 1960-1989 233
- CPE Net Brown Coal and Lignite Production 1960-1989 234
- CPE Installed Electricity Generating Capacity 1960-1989 234
- CPE Gross Installed Nuclear Electricity Generating Capacity 1960-1989
235
- CPE Gross Electricity Production 1960-1989 235
- Oil Production 1985-1990 236
- Gas Production 1985-1990 236
- Energy Prices 1990-1991 237
- Oil Investment and Production 1970-1987 237
X INDUSTRY
- Consumer Goods Production 1970-1988 238
- Output of Selected Industrial Products 1980-1988 239
- Output of Basic Industrial Products 1970-1988 240
- Productive Capacities Commissioned by New, Expanding and Retooling
Existing Enterprises 1976/80-1986/88 242
- Consumer Goods Repaired Under Warranty 1980-1988 243
- State Investments in Housing 1971/75-1988 243
- Rejected Goods of Ministry of Light Industry 1980-1988 244
- Housing Commissioned 1971/75-1988 244
- Rural Housing Commissioned 1971/75-1988 244
- Public Facilities Commissioned 1971/75-1988 245
- Floor-Space and Flats Commissioned 1971/75-1988 245
- Age of Industrial Equipment 1970-1987 245
- Commissioned Fixed Assets 1971/75-1988 246
- Fixed Assets Commissioned by Complex 1976/80-1988 246
- Productive Capacities Commissioned for Retooling Enterprises 1976/80-1986/88
247
- Investments in Fixed Assets 1971/75-1988 247
- State Investments in Some Industrial Complexes 1976/80-1986/88 248
- Construction and Installation 1971/75-1987 248
- Investments in Goods and Services 1971/75-1988 248
- State Investments in Construction 1971/75-1988 249
- Construction Costs of State Urban Housing 1970-1987 249
- Derivation of Constant Price Seriesfor Machinery and Equipment Component
of Investment 1960-1987 250
- Estimated Inflation in Machinery and Equipment Component of Investment
1960-1987 250
- Investment Price Indexes for Machinery and Construction 1960-1987 251
- Comparison of Inflation Estimates for Machinery and Construction 1961/65-1987/87
251
- Estimated Inflation in Construction and "Other" Component
of Investment 1960-1987 252
- Deflation of Estimated Capital Stock in Industry and Construction 1960-1987
252
- Comparisons of Crude Steel and Passenger Automobile Production 1960-1988
255
- CPE Industrial Production Indexes, Official and Adjusted 1960-1989
256
- Industrial Factor Productivity 1962/65-1989 257
- CIA Estimates of Industrial Production by Branch of Industry 1961/65-1989
257
- Tungsten Ore Production, USSR and PRC 1960-1989 258
- CPE Chromite Production 1960-1989 258
- CPE Manganese Ore Production 1960-1989 258
- CPE Refined Zinc Production 1969-1989 259
- CPE Smelter Production of Primary Tin 1960-1989 259
- Refined Nickel Production, USSR and Cuba 1960-1989 259
- CPE Caustic Soda Production 1960-1989 260
- CPE Synthetic Ammonia Production 1960-1989 260
- CPE Sulfuric Acid Production 1960-1989 261
- CPE Nitrogen Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content 1960-1980 261
- CPE Phosphate Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content 1960-1989 262
- CPE Potassium Fertilizer Production 1970-1989 262
- CPE Plastic Production 1960-1989 263
- CPE Electric Generator Production 1960-1989 263
- CPE Turbine Production 1960-1989 264
- CPE Metalcutting Machine Tool Production 1960-1989 264
- CPE Grain Combine Production 1960-1989 265
- CPE Tractor Production 1960-1989 265
- CPE Railroad Freight Car Production 1960-1989 266
- CPE Newsprint Production 1960-1989 266
- CPE Plywood Production 1960-1989 267
- CPE Cement Production 1960-1989 267
- CPE Industrial Employment 1960-1989 268
- CPE Smelter Production of Lead 1960-1989 268
- CPE Iron Ore Production 1960-1989 269
- CPE Bauxite Production 1960-1989 269
- CPE Pig Iron Production 1960-1989 270
- CPE Crude Steel Production 1960-1989 270
- CPE Rolled Steel Production 1960-1989 271
- Comparisons of Platinum-Group Metals Production 1960-1989 271
- CPE Refined Copper Production 1960-1989 272
- CPE Primary Aluminum Production 1960-1989 272
- CPE Cobalt Production 1960-1989 273
- CPE Chemical Fertilizer Production, Nutrient Content 1960-1989 273
- CPE Synthetic Rubber Production 1960-1989 274
- CPE Synthetic Fibers Production 1960-1989 274
XI AGRICULTURE
- Output of Basic Foodstuffs 1970-1988 275
- Output of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Products 1970-1988 275
- Foodstuffs Rejected 1988 276
- Agricultural Output, Fixed Productive Assets and Personnel of AIC 1970-1988
276
- Volume of Output of AIC 1970-1988 276
- Volume of Aic Output by Branch1988 277
- Agricultural Output, Fixed Productive Assets and Personnel by Branch
of AIC 1988 277
- Supply of Tractors, Trucks and Agricultural Machines to AIC 1987-1988
277
- Tractor, Grain Harvester and Truck Fleet in Agriculture 1970-1988 278
- Supply of Mineral Fertilizers to Agriculture 1970-1988 278
- Meat Production 1970-1988 278
- Cattle and Poultry Productivity 1981/85-1988 279
- Supply of Feed Chemical Additives to Agriculture 1970-1988 279
- Power Supply in Agriculture 1970-1988 279
- Power Capacities in Agriculture 1970-1988 279
- Consumption of Electricity in Agriculture 1970-1988 279
- Agricultural Output 1980-1988 280
- Growth Rates of Food Production by Branch of Food Industry 1980-1988
280
- Sowing Areas 1970-1988 280
- Total Harvest, Yields and State Purchases of Agricultural Produce 1970-1988
281
- Total Harvest and Yield of Some Grain Crops 1970-1986 282
- State Purchases of Fruits, Berries, Grapes, Citruses and Crude Tea
1970-1988 282
- Land Improvements 1976/80-1988 283
- Irrigated and Drainage Lands 1970-1988 283
- Crop Output on Irrigated and Drainage Lands 1970-1988 283
- Productive Livestock 1971-1989 283
- Output and State Purchases of Livestock Products 1970-1988 284
- Agroindustrial Organizations as of 1 Jan 1989 284
- Output of Agricultural Products on Individual Subsidiary Plots 1980-1988
285
- State Forest Regeneration 1970-1988 285
- Forest Protection 1980-1988 285
- Selected Indicators of Agricultural Output 1970-1989 286
- CPE Agricultural Production Index 1965-1989 286
- CPE Agricultural Labor Force 1960-1989 287
- CPE Potato Production 1960-1989 287
- CPE Cattle 1960-1989 288
- CPE Hogs 1960-1989 288
- CPE Meat Production 1960-1989 289
- CPE Milk Production 1960-1989 289
- CPE Wool Production 1960-1989 290
- CPE Ginned Cotton Production 1960-1989 290
- CPE Chemical Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 1960-1988 291
- CPE Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 1960-1988 291
- CPE Phosphate Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 1960-1988 292
- CPE Potassium Fertilizer Consumption, Nutrient Content 1960-1988 292
- CPE Grain Yields 1960-1989 293
- CPE Soybean Production 1960-1989 293
- CPE Grain Production 1960-1989 294
- CPE Fish Catch 1960-1988 295
- CPE Wheat Production 1960-1989 295
- CPE Coarse Grains Production 1960-1989 296
- CPE Rice Production 1960-1989 296
- CPE Sugar Production 1960-1989 297
- Share of Labor Force in Agriculture 297
XII TRANSPORT
- Chronology 298
- Volume of Cargo Shipping by Type of Transport 1970-1988 299
- Containerized and Packaged Shipping By Type of Transport 1970-1988
299
- Freight Traffic By Type of Transport 1970-1988 299
- Passengers Carried by Type of Transport 1970-1988 300
- Passenger Traffic By Type of Transport 1970-1988 300
- Train, Plane and Helicopter Schedule Completion 1980-1988 300
- Transport Accidents 1970-1988 300
- Freight By Means of Transport Jan-Aug 1990 301
- Freight by Means of Transport Jan-Aug 1990 as Percentage of 1989 301
- CPE Passenger Automobile Production 1960-1989 302
- CPE Truck and Bus Production 1960-1989 302
- CPE RubberTire Production 1960-1989 303
- CPE Railroad Freight 1960-1989 303
- CPE Railroad Freight 1960-1989 304
- Air Freight, US and USSR 1960-1988 304
- Air Passengers, US and USSR 1960-1988 304
- CMEA Motor Vehicle Freight 1960-1988 305
- CMEA Motor Vehicle Freight 1960-1988 305
- CMEA Inland Water Freight 1960-1989 306
- CMEA Inland Water Freight 1960-1989 306
- CMEA Ocean Freight 1960-1989 307
- CMEA Petroleum Pipelines 1960-1989 307
- CMEA Petroleum Pipelines 1960-1989 308
XIII FOREIGN TRADE
- Foreign Trade and Aid Chronology 309
- Foreign Trade News 316
- Foreign Trade by Groups of Countries 1970-1988 317
- Joint Ventures with Socialist and Capitalist Countries 1 Jan 1989 317
- Exports and Imports 1970-1988 318
- Foreign Trade by Groups of Countries 1970-1988 318
- Foreign Tourists by Country of Origin and Soviet Tourists by Country
of Destination 1988 319
- Exports and Imports by Region 1981-1989 319
- Estimated Hard Currency Debt to West 1975-1989 320
- Estimated Hard Currency Balance of Payments 1975-1989 321
- Diminishing Economic Benefits to Eastern Europe of Trade with USSR
1978-1989 322
- Comparisons of Net Imports of as a Share of Consumption 1988 323
- US Exports to USSR 1970-1988 324
- US Imports from USSR 1970-1988 332
- Production-Basis GNP and Command-Basis GNP in Established Prices 1950-1987
340
- Production-Basis GNP and Command-Basis GNP at Factor Cost 1970-1987
- Soviet Indexes of Volume of Foreign Trade and Combined Indexes for
CMEA and Non-CMEA Trade 1960-1987 340
- Indexes of Soviet Machinery Imports in Constant Prices 1975-1987 by
CIA and Hanson 341
- Estimated Machinery Imports from European CMEA Members and Selected
Non-CMEA Countries in Constant Prices 1960-1987 342
- Balance of Payments 1986-1990 342
- Estimated Hard Currency Balance of Payments 1960-1989 343
- Estimated Hard Currency Debt to West 1971-1989 343
- Major Oil Exporters 1970-1989 344
- Oil Revenues of Major Exporters 1975-1989 344
- Importance of Soviet Trade to Non-CPEs 1980-1989 345
- Comparisons of Market Share of Imports of Nonfuel Goods 1987 346
- CPE Foreign Trade Exchange Rates 1973-1989 347
- Foreign Trade 1960-1989 348
- Exports 1960-1989 349
- Imports 1960-1989 350
- Hard Currency Trade by Commodity 1970-1989 351
- Hard Currency Trade with Non-CPEs 1988-1989 352
- East European Foreign Trade 1960-1988 353
- East European Exports by Country 1960-1989 354
- East European Imports by Country 1960-1989 355
- PRC Foreign Tarde 1983-1989 356
- Cuban Foreign Trade 1965-1988 357
- External Trade 1986-1980 358
- External Debt and Reserves 1985-1990 358
- Balance of Payment Scenarios for 1991 358
- Net Oil Exports 1986-1990 359
- Net Gas Exports 1986-1990 359
- CPE and LDC Indebtedness toUSSR 1 Nov 1989 359
XIV FOREIGN AID
- Economic Aid Extended to LDCs by Warsaw Pact Members 1954-1989 360
- CPE Economic Aid to LDCs, Extensions and Drawings 1954/79-1989 361
- CPE Arms Transfers to LDCs, Agreements and Deliveries 1954/78-1989
361
- Economic Aid Extended to LDCs by Recipient 1954-1989 362
- Economic Aid Extended to Other CPEs 1954-1989 363
- Economic Assistance to Cuba 1961-1989 363
- East European Economic Aid Extended to LDCs by Recipient 1954-1989
364
- CPE Economic and Military Technicians in LDCs 1989 365
- Military Trainees from LDCs in CPEs 1989 366
- Academic, Technical and Military Trainees from LDCs in CPEs 1979-1989
367
XV SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SPACE
- Chronology 368
- Advanced Industrial Equipment Commissioned 1985-1988 369
- Output of Advanced Machinery 1980-1988 369
- Development and Commission of New Types of Machinery 1976/80-1988 370
- Automatic Control Systems and Information Processing Systems 1976/80-1988
370
- New Types of Machinery, Equipment, Apparatus, Instruments and Automation
by Technological Level 1976/80-1987 370
- New Products of Machine-Building Complex 1987-1988 371
- Marketable Products of Machine-Building Complex by Age 1970-1987 371
- Expenditures on Science 1970-1988 371
- Scientific Establishments 1970-1987 371
- Research Workers 1970-1988 372
- Research Workers by Age 1983-1988 372
- Discoveries Registered 1970-1988 373
- Inventions and Innovations 1976/80-1988 373
- Patents and Licenses 1970-1987 373
- Comparisons of Technological Capabilities 374
- Comparisons of Semiconductor Materials and Microelectronic Circuits
375
- Comparisons of Software Producibility 376
- Comparisons of Parallel ComputerArchitecture 377
- Comparisons of Machine Intelligence and Robotics 378
- Comparisons of Simulation and Modeling 379
- Comparisons of Photonics 380
- Comparisons of Passive Sensors 381
- Comparisons of Signal Processing 382
- Comparisons of Signature Control 383
- Comparisons of Weapon System Environment 384
- Comparisons of Data Fusion 385
- Comparisons of Computational Fluid Dynamics 386
- Comparisons of Air-Breathing Propulsion 387
- Comparisons of Pulsed Power 388
- Comparisons of Hypervelocity Projectiles 389
- Comparisons of High Energy Density Materials 390
- Comparisons of Composite Materials 391
- Comparisons of Superconductivity 392
- Comparisons of Biotechnology Materials and Processes 393
- Approximate Length of US Lead 394
XVI LAW
- Chronology 395
- USSR Supreme Soviet 399
- USSR Supreme Court 400
- USSR Procuracy 400
- Convictions by Crime 1985-1988 400
- Civil Cases by Type 1980-1989 401
- Reported Crimes by Type 1985-1988 401
- Distribution of Crimes of Type 1985-1988 401
- Homicides and Suicides 1980-1987 402
- Moscow's Organized Crime Brigades 402
XVII CULTURE AND MEDIA
- Chronology 403
- News 405
- Cinemas Commissioned 1971/75-1986/88 405
- Museums and Theaters 1970-1988 406
- Cinemas and Cinemagoers 1970-1988 406
- Public Libraries and Clubs 1970-1988 406
XVIII EDUCATION
- Chronology 407
- Economically Active Specialists Enrolled in Higher or Secondary Specialized
Education 1970-1988 407
- Buildings Commissioned for Educational and Cultural Purposes 1980-1988
408
- Student Enrollment by Level of Education 1970/71-1988/89 408
- Graduates of General Educational Schools 1970-1988 409
- Recipients of Secondary Education 1971/75-1988 409
- General Educational Schools 1970/71-1988/90 409
- Pre-Schools 1985-1988 409
- Specialized Secondary School 1970/71-1988/89 410
- Graduates of Specialized Secondary Educational Schools by Specialty
1970-1988 410
- Higher Educational Institutions 1970/71-1988/89 410
- Graduates of Higher Educational Institutions by Specialty 1970-1988
411
- Educational Attainment of Population 10 Years and Over 1959-2000 411
- Educational Attainment of Potential New Entrants into Labor Force 1959-1986
411
- Soviet Educational System 412
- Annual Rates of Transition Out of General Educational 1970-1986 412
- Projected Population Age 10+ by Level of Educational Attainment 1986-2000
413
- Projected Population Age 10+ by Level of Educational Attainment 1986-2000
424
- Projected Population by Level of Educational Attainment 1986-2000 441
- Projected Population by Level of Educational Attainment 1986-2000 452
- Index of Educational Attainment of Teachers in General Education System
1950-1988 463
- Wage Reforms for Teachers 1964-1987 463
- Present and Adjusted Indexes of Employment in Education 1950-1987 463
- Average Monthly Wages and Annual Increases in Education Sector 1950-1987
465
- Institutes and Universities 465
XIX NATIONALITIES
- Chronology 467
- Union Republic Basic Data 478
- Chairmen of Union Republic Councils of Ministers 485
- Consumer Goods Production Per Capita by Union Republic 1988 486
- Volume of Retail Trade by Union Republic 1988 486
- Volume of Paid Services by Union Republic 1987-1988 486
- Volume of Services by Union Republic 1987-1988 487
- Pupils in Staggered Shifts at Day-Time General Educational Schools
by Union Republic 1980/81-1988/89 487
- Students by Union Republic at Beginning of 1988/89 School Year 488
- Medical Personnel by Union Republic 1970-1988 488
- Hospital and Outpatient Services by Union Republic 1980-1988 489
- Industrial Accidents by Union Republic 1980-1988 489
- Cooperatives by Economic Activity and Union Republic 1 Jan 89 490
- Main Indicators of Cooperative Activities by Union Republic 1 Jan 89
491
- Main Indicators of Cooperative Consumer Goods Production by Union Republic
1 Jan 89 491
- Main Indicators of Cooperative Public Catering by Union Republic 1
Jan 89 492
- Main Indicators of Cooperative Services by Union Republic 1 Jan 89
492
- Main Indicators of Cooperative Procurement and Processing of Secondary
Raw Materials by Union Republic 1 Jan 89 493
- Persons Engaged in Individual Labor Activity by Union Republic 1988
493
- Fulfillment of Contracted Deliveries by Union Republic 1988 494
- Agricultural Output by Union Republic 1976/80-1988 494
- Collective Gardens and Orchards by Union Republic 1970-1987 494
- Energy Production by Type and Union Republic 1987 495
- Union Republic Populations 1989 496
- Core and Periphery Populations 1959-1989 496
- Russian and Other Ethnic Composition of Population 1959-1989 497
- Estimated Change in Number of Women Ages 15-49 by Nationality 1979-1990
497
- Estimated Net Migration of Southern Republics 1979-1989 498
- Russian Population of Southern Republics 1979-1989 498
- Urban and Rural Population by Union Republic 1979-1989 498
- Estimated Net Migration of Western Republics 1979-1989 499
- Russian and Ukrainian Populations of Baltic Republics 1979-1989 499
- Nationalities by Union Republic 1989 499
- Change in Proportion of Russians to Titular Nationalities by Union
Republic 1979-1989 502
- Total Fertility Rates of Titular Nationalities 1978/79-1983/84 502
- Natural Increase 1988 and Net Migration 1979-1989 by Union Republic
502
- Population Growth from Natural Increase and Immigration by Republic
1979-1989 503
- Population Growth by Republic 1979-1989 504
- Growth of Titular Nationalities 1979-1989 504
- Growth Rates of Titular Nationalities 1970-1989 505
- Distribution of Population, NMP and Budget Revenue by Union Republic
507
- Lithuania's Energy Supply 507
XX SPECIAL TOPICS
- Obituaries 1990 508
- Chronological Summary 1990 510
- Books of 1989 527
- Books of 1990 537
- Further Sources of Information 544
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